Marduk was a prominent god in ancient Mesopotamian religion, particularly revered in the city of Babylon. Initially, a god of thunderstorms, he rose to become the chief deity of Babylon and was later known simply as Bel, meaning “Lord”.
Category: Assyrian Mythology
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Jul 13
The Goddess Ninsun
Ninsun, also known as Ninsumun, was a Mesopotamian goddess revered for her wisdom, beauty, and maternal care. She is best known as the mother of Gilgamesh, the hero of the Epic of Gilgamesh, and the wife of the deified king Lugalbanda. Ninsun’s name, which means “Lady of the Wild Cows,” reflects her association with bovine qualities, symbolizing nurturing and fertility.
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Jul 13
The Goddess Ninlil
Ninlil was a prominent goddess in Mesopotamian mythology, particularly associated with the air and wind. She was the wife of Enlil, the god of earth, wind, and storms, and shared many of his responsibilities, including declaring destinies
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Jul 13
The God Utu
Utu, also known as Shamash in Akkadian, is the ancient Mesopotamian sun god. He was revered as the god of justice, truth, and protection for travellers. Utu was believed to see everything that happened during the day, making him a divine judge.
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Jul 13
The God Ninurta
Ninurta is an ancient Mesopotamian god associated with agriculture, healing, hunting, law, scribes, and war. Initially worshipped in early Sumer, he was known as a god of farming and healing, who protected people from sickness and demons.
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Jul 13
The Goddess Ereshkigal
Ereshkigal is a prominent figure in Mesopotamian mythology, known as the goddess of the underworld. Her name translates to “Queen of the Great Earth” or “Lady of the Great Place.” She rules over the land of the dead, often referred to as Kur or Irkalla, and is responsible for keeping the dead within her realm and preventing the living from entering.
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Jul 13
The Igigi lesser gods
The term “Igigi” refers to a group of mythological figures in Mesopotamian mythology. They are often considered the younger gods who served the Anunnaki, the major deities. According to the Atrahasis myth, the Igigi were tasked with laborious work for the Anunnaki until they eventually rebelled due to the harsh conditions.
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Jul 12
The Sumerian cosmology
The Sumerian cosmology is a fascinating blend of mythology and early scientific thought. The Sumerians envisioned the universe as a closed dome surrounded by a primordial saltwater sea. The earth was seen as a flat disc beneath this dome, with an underworld and a freshwater ocean called the Abzu beneath it.
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Jul 12
The Goddess Ishtar
Ishtar, known as Inanna in Sumerian, is a deity of profound complexity and significance in Mesopotamian mythology, embodying the dualities of existence such as love and war, fertility and desolation. Her worship spanned across the ancient Near East, marking her as one of the most venerated figures in early human civilization
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Jul 12
The Goddess Nammu
Nammu is a primordial goddess in Sumerian mythology, often associated with the creation of the universe and humanity. She embodies the primeval waters, an elemental force from which life and the pantheon of gods emerged. As a creator deity, Nammu’s role is pivotal in the cosmogony of Mesopotamian belief systems, where she is revered as the mother who gave birth to the major deities, including Enki, the god of wisdom, water, and creation.
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Jul 12
The God Enki
Enki, known as the Sumerian god of water, wisdom, and creation, holds a pivotal place in Mesopotamian mythology for his role in the creation of humanity.
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Jul 12
The God Anu
Anu, the supreme deity of the ancient Mesopotamian pantheon, was revered as the god of the sky and the embodiment of heavenly power. His dominion was the highest celestial realm, a symbol of overarching authority and order in the cosmos.
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Jul 12
The Citadel of Erbil
The Citadel of Erbil, a fortified settlement atop an ovoid-shaped tell in the heart of the Kurdistan region of Iraq, is a testament to the longevity of urban human settlements. Its history of continuous habitation stretches back over 7,000 years
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Jul 12
The Beliefs of Ancient Mesopotamia
Ancient Mesopotamia, often referred to as the cradle of civilization, was home to a rich tapestry of religions and mythologies that evolved over millennia. This page serves as a starting point for our journey into Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian and Assyrian beliefs.
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