Category: Babylonian mythology

The Waxing and Waning of the Divine Feminine Through Time

In this article, I want to highlight some of those feminine heroes, and the sacrifices they made, and how they became the feminine heroines of their time.

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The God Marduk

Marduk was a prominent god in ancient Mesopotamian religion, particularly revered in the city of Babylon. Initially, a god of thunderstorms, he rose to become the chief deity of Babylon and was later known simply as Bel, meaning “Lord”.

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The Goddess Ninlil

Ninlil was a prominent goddess in Mesopotamian mythology, particularly associated with the air and wind. She was the wife of Enlil, the god of earth, wind, and storms, and shared many of his responsibilities, including declaring destinies

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The God Utu

Utu, also known as Shamash in Akkadian, is the ancient Mesopotamian sun god. He was revered as the god of justice, truth, and protection for travellers. Utu was believed to see everything that happened during the day, making him a divine judge.

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The God Ninurta

Ninurta is an ancient Mesopotamian god associated with agriculture, healing, hunting, law, scribes, and war. Initially worshipped in early Sumer, he was known as a god of farming and healing, who protected people from sickness and demons.

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The Goddess Ereshkigal

Ereshkigal is a prominent figure in Mesopotamian mythology, known as the goddess of the underworld. Her name translates to “Queen of the Great Earth” or “Lady of the Great Place.” She rules over the land of the dead, often referred to as Kur or Irkalla, and is responsible for keeping the dead within her realm and preventing the living from entering.

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The Igigi lesser gods

The term “Igigi” refers to a group of mythological figures in Mesopotamian mythology. They are often considered the younger gods who served the Anunnaki, the major deities. According to the Atrahasis myth, the Igigi were tasked with laborious work for the Anunnaki until they eventually rebelled due to the harsh conditions.

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The God Nergal

Nergal, also known as Erra, was a prominent deity in Mesopotamian mythology, revered as the god of war, death, and disease. He was associated with the underworld and often depicted as a fierce and destructive force. Nergal’s primary cult centre was the city of Kutha, where he was worshipped as the ruler of the underworld.

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The Sumerian cosmology

The Sumerian cosmology is a fascinating blend of mythology and early scientific thought. The Sumerians envisioned the universe as a closed dome surrounded by a primordial saltwater sea. The earth was seen as a flat disc beneath this dome, with an underworld and a freshwater ocean called the Abzu beneath it.

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The Goddess Nammu

Nammu is a primordial goddess in Sumerian mythology, often associated with the creation of the universe and humanity. She embodies the primeval waters, an elemental force from which life and the pantheon of gods emerged. As a creator deity, Nammu’s role is pivotal in the cosmogony of Mesopotamian belief systems, where she is revered as the mother who gave birth to the major deities, including Enki, the god of wisdom, water, and creation.

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The God Enki

Enki, known as the Sumerian god of water, wisdom, and creation, holds a pivotal place in Mesopotamian mythology for his role in the creation of humanity.

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The God Anu

Anu, the supreme deity of the ancient Mesopotamian pantheon, was revered as the god of the sky and the embodiment of heavenly power. His dominion was the highest celestial realm, a symbol of overarching authority and order in the cosmos.

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The Sumerian City of Uruk

Uruk, known today as Warka, was one of the most significant early cities in ancient Mesopotamia, located in the southern region of Sumer. Founded around 4500 BCE, Uruk is often credited as the birthplace of writing, around 3200 BCE, marking a pivotal moment in human history.

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The Beliefs of Ancient Mesopotamia

Ancient Mesopotamia, often referred to as the cradle of civilization, was home to a rich tapestry of religions and mythologies that evolved over millennia. This page serves as a starting point for our journey into Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian and Assyrian beliefs.

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